Abstract: In recent years, Geographic Information Systems （GIS） have become an essential tool for the assessment and management of geological disaster risks. The evaluation of geological disaster risk involves the identification, analysis, and prediction of potential threats posed by geological events, which is vital for the development and implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. This paper provides an overview of the current research on methodologies for evaluating the risk of geological disasters based on GIS and discusses future trends in this field. It begins with a review of the history of GIS applications in geological disaster management from both domestic and international perspectives, followed by an analysis of GIS-based geological disaster surveys. This paper then delves into the relationships between geological hazard susceptibility assessment, hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, and geological disaster risk. It thoroughly examines the main evaluation methods, computational logic, advantages and disadvantages, application scenarios, and key evaluation indicators for susceptibility and hazard assessments. Furthermore, it analyzes geological disaster vulnerability and risk, highlighting the current main types of classification. The paper also identifies issues in the process of geological disaster assessment and points out directions for future development.