Abstract: This paper comprehensively analyses the commonly used techniques in mine geological engineering exploration and their application of rock mechanical properties, and discusses in details the choices and advantages of seismic exploration, resistivity exploration and magnetic exploration in specific geological environments. Through an actual exploration case of a copper mine in Sichuan Province, this paper reveals the ability of different techniques to identify the geological structure of the mine and their effectiveness, showing how these techniques can effectively reveal the distribution of underground resources. The paper also compares the differences in the application of exploration techniques in hard-rock and soft-rock mines, and assesses the applicability and limitations of each technique. In addition, through the comparative analysis, the paper highlights the importance of accurately selecting exploration techniques that are appropriate for specific geological conditions. Ultimately, the paper summarizes the central role of mine exploration techniques in geological engineering and suggests future research directions and technical improvements aimed at improving exploration efficiency and accuracy.