Abstract: Developing new quality productive forces is a strategic measure for high-quality development of the economy, and the only way that realizes Chinese-style modernization. Through providing energy and materials for constructing modern industrial system, mineral exploration can lay solid material foundation for developing industrial new quality productive forces. At the same time, mineral exploration is an important part of modern industrial system, and promoting the capability of mineral exploration becomes an important part of developing new quality productive forces. Mineral exploration provides important driving forces of developing new quality productive forces, and contributes to an important part for new quality productive forces. In order to support the formation and growth of new quality productive forces, mineral exploration should focus on the three sides: to strengthen the exploration of low-carbon or zero-carbon energy and energy metals in support of the development of green and low-carbon industries; to enhance the exploration of strategic or critical minerals in support of the development of emerging industries and future-oriented industries; to conduct continually the exploration of bulk and short supply minerals in support of upgrading traditional industries. In order to foster mineral exploration new quality productive forces, it is crucial to promote the exploration elements including laborer, the subject of labor and the means of labor, and their combinations. Currently, the focus should be on the following: to strengthen theoretical research and technology innovation of mineral exploration, to extend mineral exploration in new areas and new fields, to improve the mechanism system of mineral exploration market, and to enhance basic geological survey and services.