Abstract: Faced with the complex domestic and international situation, China’s economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed to a stage of high-quality development, it puts higher demands on the oil and gas industry. Accelerating the cultivation and development of new quality productive forces is an inherent requirement and important focus for building an energy powerhouse and promoting high-quality development. This paper explores the connotation and inherent connection between new quality productive forces and high-quality development of oil and gas, pointing out that the core indicators of new quality productive forces, including innovation driven, open integration, green and low-carbon are highly compatible with the core elements of high-quality development of oil and gas. Based on literature research and work accumulation, this paper systematically reviews the current situation and achievements of China’s oil and gas development, and analyzes that China’s oil and gas development still faces many problems such as deteriorating resource quality, technological bottlenecks that need to be broken through, incomplete infrastructure, and the need to deepen institutional and mechanism reforms. In order to achieve the dual goals of ensuring the safety of oil and gas supply and promoting green and low-carbon transformation, it is proposed to prioritize resource safety, continuously release the driving force of new quality productive forces in the oil and gas field, strengthen the innovation of geological theory and key technical equipment, accelerate the transformation and promotion of scientific research achievements, improve the level of digital intelligence, low-carbon and diversification in the oil and gas field, deepen the reform of the system and mechanism in the oil and gas field, continuously improve the efficiency of total factor productivity, and achieve the transformation and upgrading of the oil and gas industry and high-quality development.