Abstract: As the further advance of the “De-overcapacity” Policy and the Supply-side Reform of energy, a large number of coal mines in Huainan and Huaibei Coalfields in Anhui Province due to resource depletion, economic loss or backward production capacity. Based on a comprehensive survey of the potential of residual resources of abandoned coal mine in Huainan and Huaibei Coalfields, this paper reviews the resource exploitation and utilization status of abandoned coal mines in Huainan and Huaibei Coalfields, and analyses the main problems. The results show that there are 63 abandoned coal mines with good potential of resource exploitation and utilization in Anhui Province. These abandoned coal mines still have residual coal resources of about 2.433×10⁹ t, coalbed methane resources of about 1.02×10¹¹ m³, available underground space of about 7.38×10⁷ m³, cokeite of about 3.45×10⁸ t and other residual resources. Currently, the exploitation and utilization of coalbed methane, mine water, land and other resources in abandoned coal mines have produced significant economic benefits and social values, but there are some problems have to be resolved in the future, such as the lack of basic data, imperfect management system, single mode of resource utilization and low utilization rate. Some suggestions are put forward in order to promote the resource exploitation and utilization of abandoned coal mines in the Huainan and Huaibei Coalfields and to improve the resource utilization rate, mainly including informationization construction, basic theoretical research, and exploration of resource development and utilization models.