Abstract: New quality productive forces are characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the development of the global lithium industry and concludes that science and technology have driven the battery industry to become the main consumer of lithium, and global lithium demand will remain strong in future. The growth of global lithium demand has driven a rapid increase in global lithium exploration budgets, with significant growth in global lithium reserves and resources. The advancement of lithium extraction technology has led to a significant increase in lithium production. The interweaving of multiple factors has caused severe fluctuations in the global lithium market. The application of new technologies will continue to drive the upgrading and replacement of lithium battery. In summary, the development of the global lithium industry is mainly driven by high technology to accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces, while laying a good foundation for the development of emerging industries such as the battery industry, which mainly relies on lithium.