Abstract: With the development of industry and commerce, coal enterprises and other mining enterprises also began to have higher management quality requirements. In order to improve the management quality of coal enterprises, a method based on balanced scorecard is put forward. In the process, a performance evaluation index system is established from three dimensions: basic index, public index and industry index. The public index reflects corporate social responsibility and public relations. Economic added value is selected as the basis for financial profitability analysis. The dimensions of balanced scorecard are designed according to the results of strategic planning. Create standardized performance reporting templates and report performance results on a regular basis. The experimental results show that the first order weight of the basic index is the largest among the three dimensions, reaching 0.51. In the analysis of sales revenue growth, the research method increases the growth rate of sales revenue to 12.8% after 12 months of operation; In the analysis of the number of coal mine safety accidents, the number of accidents in a single quarter under the jurisdiction of the research method is only 4 times. It shows that the research method can effectively improve the management quality of coal enterprises and increase economic returns. The research method can provide some help for the development of coal enterprises.