Abstract: Since 2016, China’s physical geological data management has developed rapidly, and great progress has been made in management system, storage capacity, and service effectiveness has been accumulated. Reviewing and summarizing the development characteristics and driving force of physical geological data in China in recent years has important reference significance for further improving the management system of physical geological data. This paper selects the national physical geological data management service data in recent years, sorts out the basic situation of China’s physical geological data in terms of collection and supervision, receipt and storage, collection resources and service utilization, and summarizes the development characteristics of physical geological data management since 2016. On this basis, combined with the historical context, this paper analyzes the development power behind it, aiming at a preliminary discussion on the development paradigm of physical geological data management. The research finds that the basic strategic guidance of policies, the optimization and reconstruction of digital technology and the overall coordination and cooperation among collection institutions are the main trends and characteristics. Furthermore, this paper puts forward four main driving factors, such as the driving force of management system, the pulling force of geological industry, the pulling force of social demand and the endogenous force of technological development, described the basic path of the development of physical geological data since 2016, and puts forward relevant work suggestions to provide reference for improving the management service level of physical geological data in the next step.