Abstract: The spontaneous combustion of residual coal caused by air leakage in goaf is one of the most serious disasters in coal mines. In order to improve the ability to control the spontaneous combustion of residual coal caused by air leakage in goaf, this paper takes 31103 working face of a mine in Shendong Coal Mine as the research object, analyzes the distribution characteristics of “three zones” of overlying strata after mining, and explores the distribution law of porosity of overlying strata in goaf. Based on the numerical simulation results of oxygen concentration distribution in goaf under closed air leakage conditions, the influence of spontaneous combustion is studied, and the risk of spontaneous combustion in goaf is analyzed in combination with the actual situation of 31103 working face. The results show that when the closed air leakage is 5.3 m³/min, with the increase of the closed position, the influence of the air leakage source on the oxygen distribution in the goaf and the distribution of the “three zones” of spontaneous combustion is gradually enhanced, and the high oxygen zone formed by the air leakage source expands the spontaneous combustion risk of the residual coal. The research results can provide theoretical reference for the targeted prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf under similar air leakage conditions.