Abstract: This paper systematically summarizes the latest progress in geological research on coalbed methane reservoirs in recent years, mainly introducing the geological characteristics, production mechanisms, geological properties of deep coalbed methane reservoirs, and geophysical exploration technologies of coalbed methane reservoirs. The geological characteristics of reservoir reveal the laws, processes, and enrichment mechanisms of coalbed methane accumulation. The output mechanism elaborates on the generation, storage, transportation process, and output mode of coalbed methane. The geological properties of deep coalbed methane reservoirs are discussed, including the complexity and variability of deep strata. The phenomena of weakened adsorption and increased free gas content in deep coal seams are analyzed, and the significance of the “high permeability window” phenomenon for coalbed methane development is explored. In addition, this paper points out the challenges faced by current geological research on coalbed methane reservoirs, such as limitations in research methods and shortcomings in exploration techniques. It also proposes future research directions and priorities, including strengthening research on coalbed methane resource evaluation techniques, conducting in-depth research on reservoir characteristics and production mechanisms, and strengthening policy guarantees and environmental protection measures. In summary, this paper comprehensively and systematically reviews the latest progress in geological research on coalbed methane reservoirs, providing important theoretical support and practical guidance for coalbed methane exploration and development. It emphasizes the importance of geological research on coalbed methane reservoirs for coalbed methane exploration and development.