Abstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, the research and application of new materials has increasingly become an important force to promote scientific and technological progress. Among these new materials, graphene is known as a “miracle material” due to its unique physical and chemical properties, which has attracted worldwide attention. Graphene is a hexagonal honeycomb planar film formed by single-layer carbon atoms with sp hybrid orbitals. It has extremely high mechanical strength, good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, excellent optical properties and unique quantum effects. The preparation methods such as mechanical stripping method, oxidation reduction method, vapor deposition method, etc., and the assembly methods such as substrate transfer method, self-assembly method, wet fiber fusion method, etc., provide more possibilities for applications in composite materials, energy, materials, biomedicine, aerospace and other fields. As a new material with wide application prospects, the laser ablation method may also show unique advantages in some specific application fields in the future. It has great and deeper research space and unknown fields. Its preparation, assembly and application research are of great theoretical and application significance. Especially in the research process of laser ablation preparation method, it provides useful reference and enlightenment for the future research and application of graphene, further promotes the low-carbon development in the energy field, and contributes energy to China’s carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutral national strategic goals in 2060.