Abstract: Since the Ministry of Natural Resources promoted the oil and gas mining rights management reform, there are a series of changes occurred in the approval system, and the changes of the approval method has timely brought new requirements for regulation. It’s the important aspect of deepening the regulation of oil and gas mining rights management reform to strengthen the linkage between approval and regulation, to enhance the regulation both in-process and post event. This paper takes the Alberta Energy Regulatory（AER）, a regulatory agency in Canada as the research object, to study AER entire process regulation from oil and gas project initiation to construction, production & operation and closure, it’s summarized that the AER is a regulatory with independent authority and high efficiency, and the entire process regulation activities are effectively connected, both administrative and economic methods are used, entire process regulation information is highly concentrated, and the collected regulation data are utilized in multiple ways, both public participation and credit regulator system are in high level. There is still a gap between the regulatory professionalism and the requirements for entire process regulation in China’s regulatory bodies, the interaction between approval and regulation is insufficient, the regulatory responsibilities aren’t clarified during the period of integrated oil and gas exploration and production, current regulatory information system is not efficient in data sharing. Based on the current regulatory situation in China, it is recommended to strengthen the management of oil and gas inspectors by multiple methods, and improve the professionalism and authority of inspection, to standardize the putting on record of important matters and key information publicity throughout the entire process by mining rights holders, to conduct entire process information selective and classification examination, to standardize the collection of the entire process information and enhance information sharing, and these suggestions could provide important references for optimizing and improving the entire process regulation of oil and gas exploration and exploitation in China.