Abstract: Dust generated in open-pit coal mines constitutes a significant atmospheric pollutant and presents substantial health risks to workers. To examine and elucidate the patterns of meteorological conditions and dust distribution within open-pit coal mines during summer months, and to establish a theoretical foundation for dust prevention and control, a field study is conducted at the Pingshuo Open-Pit Coal Mine in Shanxi Province. Monitoring stations are strategically positioned to collect data on dust mass concentration, wind speed, air humidity, temperature, and atmospheric pressure within the pit during summer. Statistical analysis are performed to evaluate the relationship between dust mass concentration and meteorological factors, while Fluent software facilitates numerical simulation of dust distribution within the pit. The findings indicate that, during summer, wind speed and air humidity serve as the primary factors affecting dust mass concentration. Under low wind speed conditions, dust accumulates due to backflow and vortex effects, forming dust clouds and resulting in elevated dust concentrations within the pit. As wind speed increases, the dust clouds at the pit entrance gradually transform into band-shaped flows and dissipate, leading to a reduction in overall dust concentration. When air humidity is low, the dust maintains its dry state, and the operation of electric shovels and transport vehicles generates substantial airborne dust, elevating dust concentration in the pit. As humidity increases, dust particles absorb moisture and become heavier, causing partial settlement, which temporarily reduces the dust concentration. With further humidity elevation, remaining dust and water vapor form mist within the pit, entrapping production-related dust and inhibiting its dispersion, which substantially increases dust concentration. At higher humidity levels, dust particles continue to absorb water and agglomerate, increasing their mass and size, thereby promoting gravitational settling and ultimately resulting in decreased dust concentration. These insights provide a theoretical foundation for dust control and environmentally responsible mining practices in open-pit coal mines.