预测地下水位变化对露天矿顺层边坡稳定性的影响

    The impact of groundwater level fluctuations prediction on the stability of bedding slopes in open-pit mining

    • 摘要: 地下水位变化是影响露天矿边坡稳定性至关重要的因素,地下水变化有时会对露天矿边坡造成严重的财产损失和人员伤亡。为探究纳米比亚湖山露天铀矿未来地下水位变化对矿区安全的影响,本文以纳米比亚湖山露天铀矿含软弱夹层的西帮顺层边坡为研究背景,首先,对矿区西帮地质情况进行分析。然后,构建了矿区地下水位等高线网络,分析了所属区域岩性渗透性,并预测了矿山运营后期矿区入水量的大小,结果显示含软弱夹层的西帮顺层边坡岩石渗透率最高,为6.00~9.98 m2/d,其水位等高线为440 m amsl,并且随着采矿的不断加深,矿区入水量呈直线上升,入水量可对边坡侧壁及坡脚造成不利影响。最后,针对矿山西帮顺层边坡,当边坡从干燥状态转变为饱和状态时,分别应用有限元法(FEM)程序RS2及极限平衡法Slide软件进行安全性计算,RS2计算得出未来入水量增多时边坡安全系数从1.33降低至0.50,降低了62%。而Slide计算得出边坡安全系数从1.2~1.3降低至0.7~0.9,降低了31%~42%,节理裂隙及软弱层对水的作用更加敏感。总之随着矿区的不断加深,地下水会成为影响矿山安全生产的重要因素,水会弱化含软弱夹层的顺层边坡强度,造成严重的灾害,本文研究结果将为矿山后续安全运营提供指导。

       

      Abstract: Groundwater plays a critical role in influencing the stability of open-pit slopes. Fluctuations in groundwater levels can occasionally result in significant property damage and casualties for these slopes. The present study aims to investigate the potential impact of future changes in groundwater levels on mining safety at Husab Open-pit Uranium Mine in Namibia, with a specific focus on the west side slope that contains weak interlayers. Firstly, the geological conditions of west side in the mining area are analyzed. Subsequently, a groundwater level contour network is constructed for the mining area, followed by an analysis of lithologic permeability. Finally, predictions are made regarding the future water inflow in the mining area during later stages of mine operation. The results indicate that the rock permeability of west side bedding slope with weak interlayers is the highest, ranging from 6.00-9.98 m2/d, and its water level contour is 440 m amsl. Furthermore, as mining progresses deeper, there is a linear increase in water inflow within the mining area, which can potentially have adverse effects on the stability of the side wall and foot of the slope. The safety calculation is performed using the finite element method(FEM) program RS2 and the limit equilibrium Slide software when the slope transitions from a dry state to a saturated state. The slope safety factor, as calculated by RS2, experienced a significant decrease of 62% from 1.33 to 0.50 due to the anticipated increase in water inflow. Slide’s calculation also reveals a reduction in the slope’s safety factor from the range of 1.2-1.3 to 0.7-0.9, representing a decrease of approximately 31%-42%. It is worth noting that joint cracks and weak layers exhibit heightened sensitivity towards water. The deepening of the mining area will render groundwater a crucial factor impacting mine safety, as water infiltration weakens the strength of bedding slopes containing vulnerable interlayers, leading to severe disasters. The research findings present in this paper will offer valuable guidance for subsequent safe mine operations.

       

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