Abstract: Tanjiashan Coal Mine is an old mine that has been mined for nearly a century. When Tanjiashan Coal Mine applied for bankruptcy in 2015, the surface ecology was severely damaged and urgently needed ecological protection and restoration. In response to the current situation of Tanjiashan Coal Mine, a pilot project for the ecological protection and restoration of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands in Tanjiashan Coal Mine of Xiangtan City has been applied for. In this project, a comprehensive management approach of “mountains, waters, forests, fields, and lakes” is adopted to address specific ecological and environmental issues under different engineering geological conditions in the mining area. It effectively addresses the degree of ecological degradation in the mining area, treats the ecological damage areas, and achieves good protection and restoration effects on the ecological environment of the mining area. In particular, good experience models have been achieved in areas such as river and creek remediation technology, open-pit mining site high and steep slope disposal technology, leakage pond and wetland restoration technology, collapse pit treatment technology, and abandoned industrial square remediation technology, providing reference for similar mine ecological protection and restoration.