Abstract: As the spiritual wealth of the geological and mining industry, geological and mining culture carries the struggle and spiritual pursuit of geologists, plays an important role in promoting the high-quality development of geological and mining industry. Especially, geological and mining culture is the spiritual pillar of geological work and mining development, and an important force in promoting social civilization progress and cultural prosperity in the new era. This paper provides an overview of geological and mining culture, clarifies the relationship between geological and mining cultures, clarifies the meanings of generalized and narrow geological and mining cultures, and discusses the value and role of geological and mining culture. Based on the development of the geological and mining industry in the new era, the basic connotation of the transformation and development of geological and mining culture has been analyzed, which includes the transformation from one-way development to open and integrated development, from low-level circulation to high-quality development, from only pay attention to resources to equal emphasis on resources and environment, from only pay attention to economy to equal emphasis on economy and culture, from only pay attention to inheritance to equal emphasis on inheritance and innovation. On this basis, the paths for the transformation and development of geological and mining culture in the new era has been proposed, mainly including exploring excellent resources of traditional geological and mining culture, consolidating the foundation of high-quality development of the geological and mining industry, creating the spiritual highland of geological and mining in the new era, constructing the geological and mining cultural system in the new era, and promoting the open and innovative development of geological and mining culture. The development mode, institutional choices, policy orientations, and the level of resource development and production factor combinations in the geological and mining industry are influenced by geological and mining culture with its unique connotations, thereby affecting the speed, quality, and level of industry development. Therefore, the transformation of geological and mining culture is of great significance, in order to provide cultural support for the development of the geological and mining industry and national resource security.