Abstract: Karst collapse columns are the main water inrush channels in North China type coalfields. This article applies the theory of geological structure to study the evolution law of collapse columns in Huainan coalfield, establishes geological and numerical models, and uses FLAC3D to simulate the formation process of karst collapse columns. It is believed that the poorly consolidated Cambrian Ordovician Caledonian to Hercynian ancient karst weathered sediments provided the material conditions for the formation of karst cavities during the Indosinian to Yanshanian periods; The groundwater runoff in the strong runoff zone of the ancient karst groundwater system during the Indosinian to Yanshanian period provided the dynamic conditions for the formation of karst cavities during this period; The unloading effect of the formation of karst cavities during the Indosinian to Yanshanian periods provided the dynamic conditions for the formation of karst collapse columns in the Huainan coalfield; Therefore, the formation mechanism of Huainan karst collapse columns is attributed to the low degree of consolidation of ancient karst weathered sediments from the Caledonian to Hercynian periods, the strong runoff effect of ancient karst groundwater systems from the Indosinian to Yanshanian periods, and the geostress of coal bearing strata in the Carboniferous Permian system. The solution to the problem of why the karst collapse column type dark structures in Huainan are distributed in a belt along faults or parallel to the long axis of the collapse columns has important guiding significance for the safe development and utilization of coal resources in Huainan Coalfield.