Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low dust reduction efficiency and large dust diffusion area of traditional ventilation and dust reduction methods, a dust reduction device of the full-section air curtain is proposed to improve the ventilation and dust reduction efficiency. The discrete term model of Fluent simulation software DPM is used to study the dust distribution law and dust reduction efficiency of dust reduction device of the full-section air curtain and the reduction device of single air curtain dust and the long-pressure and short-pumping dust reduction method; based on the multifactor and multilevel test, the influence of different factors on the dust reduction efficiency of dust reduction device of the full-section air curtain is analyzed; the optimal arrangement of dust reduction device of the full-section air curtain is obtained through the analysis of extreme deviation, combining the influence of the driver’s position and the respiratory belt with the influence of different factors, and the optimal layout of the dust reduction device of air curtain is obtained. Through extreme difference analysis combined with the influence of different factors on the driver’s position and respiratory zone, the optimal arrangement scheme of dust reduction device of the full-section air curtain is obtained. The results show that: by comparing the effects of the three ventilation and dust reduction methods, the dust reduction technology of the full-section air curtain is less disturbing to the wind flow field than the long-pressure and short-pumping ventilation and dust removal and the single air curtain dust removal, so the dust diffusion range is small, and the dust can be more effectively controlled in the air curtain area, and the concentration of dust in the driver’s position is significantly reduced, with the concentration of dust in most of the areas in the roadway being controlled at less than 300 mg/m³. 17 m from the header, the diameter of the negative-pressure wind pipe is 1 m, the jet velocity of the air curtain is 19 m/s, the position of the air curtain is 4 m from the header, and the ratio of the air volume of the pressure pumping wind pipe is 1∶1.3, the dust reduction efficiency of dust reduction device of the full-section air curtain reaches the optimum, and the average value of the dust concentration of the optimized scheme compared with the optimized one is decreased from 342.69 mg/m³ to 117.02 mg/m³, and the maximum value is decreased from 736.41 mg/m³ to 260 mg/m³, and the maximum value of the dust concentration is decreased from 736.41 mg/m³ to 260 mg/m³. The maximum value is decreased from 736.41 mg/m³ to 294.69 mg/m³, the average dust reduction efficiency is increased by 65.85%, and the dust concentration at 25 m from the header is decreased from 246.38 mg/m³ to 39.97 mg/m³, the dust reduction efficiency is as high as 83.78%. The measured data and numerical simulation of the optimized scheme coincide with each other, which can significantly reduce the dust concentration at the working face and reduce the dust fugitive. The optimized arrangement is of great significance for the field implementation of dust reduction technology of the full-section air curtain.