Abstract: To enhance the mining production capacity and extend the service life of the mine, a segmented filling mining method is employed to recover large and valuable residual pillars in a certain iron mine. Comprehensive evaluations of the rock mass quality of the mine are conducted through on-site geological surveys and indoor rock mechanics tests. The results indicate that the rock mass quality of both the mine and the ore body is good, meeting the basic safety requirements for production. Based on the Mathews stability graph method, this study further optimized the test stope for the segmented filling mining method. Through detailed analysis and calculations, the optimal stope structure parameters for the mine are determined, including a stope width of 14 meters and a length of 25 meters. These optimized parameters can effectively improve the stability and safety of the mining process, providing scientifically reliable theoretical support for the mine’s subsequent production. The research results not only offer valuable reference for stope design in similar mines but also lay a foundation for further improving mining efficiency and safety.