Abstract: The large discharge and long-term accumulation of coal gangue not only cause serious waste of resources, but also have certain pollution to the environment. Therefore, exploring the most suitable matrix for the improvement of coal gangue soil can solve the soil problems such as salinization, desertification and desertification, and repair and develop part of the land, so as to make the soil more suitable for cultivation and improve the plants to adapt to environmental factors. Then, it can improve the high-value utilization of coal gangue, reduce the environmental pollution problem of coal gangue, so as to achieve the circular economy goal of “making waste from waste, turning waste into resources”, and further realize the development road from “coal gangue” to “no gangue”. The experiment selectes the coal gangue and the surrounding soil in Shenfu Area as raw materials, and the alfalfa is taken as the research object. The growth index of plants is determined and analyzed through the pot experiment, and the different ratio matrix is evaluated from the growth quality of alfalfa to determine the optimal ratio of coal gangue, soil and straw. The results show that coal gangue∶soil =1∶1 matrix grows the most lush, the emergence rate is 70%, 50 days after planting, the plant height can reach 6.4 cm. The heavy metal content of the matching matrix before planting and the planting alfalfa is in line with the national standards.