Abstract: In order to solve the problem of poor working environment and serious dust accumulation caused by the limitation of working face space and other conditions in the coal mining operation of thin coal seam fully mechanized mining, the spray dust reduction technology commonly used in coal mines is studied. Based on the six forms of droplet sedimentation, the theoretical analysis of spray dust reduction efficiency in fully mechanized mining face of thin coal seam is carried out. By constructing the three-dimensional model of the nozzle and the fully mechanized mining face, and importing it into the FLUENT software, the simulation parameters and boundary conditions are set. The simulation and experimental research methods are used to analyze the different layout schemes of the nozzle in the fully mechanized mining face. The results show that the efficiency of spray dust reduction presents a certain rule under certain conditions. When the nozzle angle and pressure are fixed, the spray dust reduction efficiency increases first and then decreases with the decrease of nozzle spacing. When the nozzle spacing and angle are constant, the dust removal efficiency increases with the increase of nozzle pressure. When the nozzle spacing and pressure are constant, with the decrease of the nozzle arrangement angle, the spray dust reduction efficiency also increases first and then decreases. Through simulation research, the optimal combination of dust reduction parameters is that the nozzle spacing is 1.2 m, the water supply pressure is 8 MPa, and the nozzle arrangement angle is 30°. By comparing the results of numerical simulation and experimental research, it is found that the two have good agreement. The optimal combination scheme of dust reduction parameters proposed in this paper provides an important theoretical research basis for the dust reduction work in underground coal mining operations, which is helpful to improve the working environment of fully mechanized mining face in thin coal seam and reduce the adverse effects of dust on workers’ health and safety in production.