矿山深部开采顺序优化与岩爆灾害超前控制效果研究

    Research on sequence optimization and advance control effect on rockburst of deep mining

    • 摘要: 矿山开采扰动特征与开采过程密切相关,是典型不可逆的非线性过程。在高应力等复杂地质环境影响下,这一非线性扰动过程机制更加复杂,诱发的灾害问题也更为突出,严重制约着某滇东北矿山的深部矿体开采。高地应力与强开采扰动是诱发岩爆等动力灾害本因。为了确保该矿山深部矿产资源的安全、高效开采,首先通过深部原位地应力的测量数据,分析反演了矿区深部三维地应力场。其次综合深部开采方案、岩体力学参数、工程地质结构和应力环境等,依托Map3D边界元模拟软件构建了高精度三维仿真模型,用以深部开采模拟与待开采矿体整体规划研究。通过系统的数值模拟与研究讨论,得出结果如下:该矿山当前的开采方案较为合理,浅部的矿体回采完毕后所产生的应力环境扰动并未影响到深部矿体,深部矿体所在区域力学环境与浅部不存在交叉扰动风险;针对开采中段内部沿矿体走向、垂直矿体走向、沿最大主应力三种采矿方向方案,结果显示沿最大主应力方案最优,垂直矿体走向方案次之,但二者差值不大,现场亦可按照垂直矿体走向方案执行,该方案也对岩爆灾害控制具有一定的改善作用;多中段同时开采时,随着开采的推进,应力集中范围逐渐扩大,矿体内部尖角处充填体容易遭到破坏,外围局部过硬岩体存在岩爆灾害风险。本文研究成果可为国内类似矿山的深部开采方案规划提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Mining disturbance characteristics are closely related to the mining process, which is a typical irreversible nonlinear process. Under the influence of high stress and other complex geological environment, the mechanism of this nonlinear disturbance process is more complex, and the disaster problems induced are more prominent, which seriously restricts the mining of the deep ore body of a mine in northeast Yunnan Province. High ground stress and strong mining disturbance are the main causes of rockburst and other dynamic disaster causes. In order to ensure the safe and efficient mining of mineral resources in the deep part of this mine, firstly, this study analyses and inverts the deep three-dimensional stress field of the mine through the deep in-situ geostress measurement data. Secondly, a high-precision 3D simulation model is constructed by relying on Map3D boundary element simulation software, which is used for deep mining simulation and overall planning research of the ore body to be mined, based on the deep mining plan, rock mass mechanical parameters, engineering geological structure and stress environment. Through systematic numerical simulation and discussion, the following conclusions are drawn. The current mining scheme of this mine is deemed reasonable, the stress environment disturbance generated after the shallow ore body is mined out does not affect the deep ore body, and there is no risk of cross-disturbance between the mechanical environment of the area where the deep ore body is located and the shallow part; the results show that there are three kinds of mining directions, namely along the strike of the ore body, perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, and along the maximum principal stress, and the results show that there are three kinds of mining directions along the maximum principal stress program, the results show that along the maximum principal stress program is optimal, followed by vertical ore body strike program, but the difference between the two is not large, the site can also be implemented in accordance with the vertical ore body strike program, the program also has a certain improvement in the control of rock explosion disaster; more than one section of the simultaneous mining, with the progresses of mining, the stress concentration range is gradually expanding the internal corners of the ore body filler easy to be damaged and there is a risk of rockburst disaster in local hard rock mass on the periphery. The results of this study can provide references for the planning of deep mining scheme of similar mines in China.

       

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