基于我国战略性矿产萤石及磷矿的氟资源供应形势研究及建议

    Research and suggestions on the supply situation of fluorine resources based on China’s strategic mineral resources of fluorite and phosphate rock

    • 摘要: 氟在现代工业中用途广泛,重要的含氟矿物有萤石、氟磷灰石等,以往研究多关注单一萤石,缺乏对氟资源的综合讨论。本文从氟产业链角度梳理了近十年来我国在资源勘查、提取、供应等方面取得的重要新进展。研究结果表明,作为传统的全球最大萤石生产国和消费国,我国氟资源开发格局已经发生较大变化,近十年通过勘查萤石及磷矿,新增了数亿吨氟资源;与多金属矿、稀土矿、非金属矿等共伴生萤石分选技术取得突破,盘活萤石资源1亿t以上;实现了磷矿伴生低品位氟资源的利用,已建氟硅酸法生产氟化氢产能全球最大;我国是世界上最主要的萤石原材料和初级产品供应国,2018年起已转变为萤石净进口国,氟化氢出口量是进口量的16~25倍。综合我国氟资源供应形势认为:① 我国的氟资源供应格局已由单一萤石为主逐步变为由单一萤石、共伴生萤石及磷矿共同供应;② 我国单一萤石矿开采规模稳步提升,共伴生萤石矿回收技术及规模世界领先;③ 我国共伴生氟资源开发利用以延伸产业链为特征,技术门槛较高;④ 我国氟资源的供应特征为进口初级矿产品、加工出口初级化工产品,仍为氟资源净出口国;⑤ 建议积极调整氟资源开发结构,向产业链下游转移。本文研究为我国氟资源及战略性矿产萤石和磷矿的开发和保护提供了新的思路与方向。

       

      Abstract: Fluorine is widely used in modern industry, and important fluorine-containing minerals include fluorite, fluorapatite, etc. However, previous studies have mostly focused on a single fluorite, lacking a comprehensive discussion of fluorine resources. This paper summarizes the important new progress made by China in resource exploration, extraction, and supply in the past 10 years from the perspective of the fluorine industry chain. The research shows that as the traditional world’s largest producer and consumer of fluorite, China’s development pattern of fluorite resources has undergone significant changes. Through exploration of fluorite and phosphate ore, hundreds of millions of tons of fluoride resources have been added in the past decade. Breakthroughs have been made in the beneficiation technology of fluorite, which is co-associated with polymetallic, rare earth, and non-metallic minerals, and more than 100 million tons of fluorite resources have been revitalized. The utilization of low-grade fluorine resources associated with phosphate ore has been achieved, and the production capacity of hydrogen fluoride by fluorosilicic acid method is the largest in the world. China is the world’s leading supplier of fluorite raw materials and primary fluorite products. Since 2018, it has become a net importer of fluorite, with exports of hydrogen fluoride being 16 to 25 times its imports. Analysis of the supply situation of fluorine resources in China, it is believed that: ① the supply pattern of fluoride resources in China has gradually shifted from being dominated by single fluorite to being jointly supplied by single fluorite, co-associated fluorite, and phosphate ore. ② The scale of single fluorite mining in China has steadily increased, and the recovery technology and scale of associated fluorite mines are world leading. ③ The development and utilization of co-associated ore fluorine resources in China is characterized by extending the industrial chain and has a high technological threshold. ④ The supply characteristics of fluoride resources in China are the import of primary mineral products and the processing and export of primary chemical products, still being a net exporter of fluorine resources. ⑤ Actively adjust the development structure of fluorine resources and transfer them downstream of the industrial chain. This paper provides new ideas and directions for the development and protection of China’s fluorine resources and strategic minerals such as fluorite and phosphate in China.

       

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