Abstract: The Yellow River Basin is an important coal resource rich area in China. Coal mining development has made significant contributions to the economic development of the basin, but at the same time, it has also brought serious ecological and environmental problems. Strengthening the legal protection of ecological restoration of coal mines in the Yellow River Basin is an urgent need to implement the concept of “ecological priority and green development” and promote high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the analysis of the current situation and ecological impact of coal mine development in the Yellow River Basin, this paper summarizes and sorts out the existing laws and regulations on coal mine ecological restoration in China, points out the problems in the legal protection of coal mine development in the Yellow River Basin, and proposes countermeasures and suggestions to improve the legal protection of coal mine ecological restoration in the Yellow River Basin from the aspects of improving the legal and regulatory system, strengthening law enforcement supervision, innovating investment and financing mechanisms, and strengthening legal supervision throughout the process, in order to provide legal protection for promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the Yellow River Basin.