Abstract: The Cambrian Niutitang Formation is one of the most important shale gas-bearing strata in southern China, especially in the Qiannan Depression of Guizhou Province, where the black shales of the Niutitang Formation are renowned for their high organic content and deep-water depositional environment. This paper analyzes the geological background, facies characteristics, sedimentary environment, and the coupling relationship between organic matter and the Niutitang Formation. By integrating the thermal maturation degree and reservoir characteristics, the formation and distribution characteristics of shale gas resources are explored. This study aims to reveal the exploration potential of shale gas resources in the Qiannan Depression and provide recommendations for technical development.