Abstract: This paper takes the mining of the No. 5 orebody of Chengchao Iron Mine as the research background. By combining the 3DEC discrete element numerical simulation software with theoretical methods, the morphological characteristics of the hanging roof gob in the sublevel caving without bottom pillars are studied. Through numerical simulation, the changes in vertical stress of the surrounding rock of the No. 5 orebody and the vertical displacement of the overlying surrounding rock during the mining of different sections are analyzed. The height of the caving zone and the height of the fracture zone are evaluated by empirical formulas and verified with the numerical simulation results to obtain the “three zones” height. The influence degree of the hanging roof gob on the surface is judged by the “three zones” height. Meanwhile, it is found in the numerical simulation process that the displacement increment of the monitoring points far from the overburden is small, and the influence of any section mining on the rock strata far from the overburden is weak. The displacement of the monitoring points in the middle is generally larger, while that on both sides is smaller, forming a situation where the displacement in the middle is greater than that on both sides. Finally, the simplified diagrams of the morphological characteristics of the hanging roof gob after each section mining is completed and the gob reaches a balanced state are drawn based on the numerical simulation results. It is found that when each section mining is completed and the gob reaches a balanced state, the hanging roof gob will present a symmetrical arch-shaped form. When the next section is mined, this shape will be destroyed until the next balanced state is reached, and its shape will gradually change between “rectangular-trapezoidal-symmetrical arch-shaped”, and its state will change between “stable-unstable-stable”. The research results can provide certain guidance for the study of the morphological characteristics of the hanging roof gob in the sublevel caving without bottom pillars and provide references for related engineering practices.