Abstract: Copper slag is a significant solid waste generated during copper smelting, containing substantial amounts of valuable metals （such as copper, iron, cobalt, and zinc） and harmful elements （such as arsenic, lead, and chromium）. Its comprehensive utilization is essential for resource recovery and environmental protection. This paper reviews recent advances in copper slag resource utilization, focusing on metal recovery techniques and applications in construction and functional materials. Current research mainly employs pyrometallurgical depletion and hydrometallurgical leaching methods for copper, iron, and other metal recovery, with acid leaching, oxygen pressure leaching, and bioleaching notably improving efficiency. Physical beneficiation methods, including flotation and magnetic separation, further enhance metal separation and recovery by leveraging mineral particle characteristics. In construction materials, copper slag serves as an alternative fine aggregate in concrete, mortar, and cement, demonstrating excellent pozzolanic activity that enhances the durability and compressive strength of building materials, while also mitigating natural sand shortages. Additionally, incorporating copper slag in cement reduces calcination temperature and improves cement performance, broadening its construction applications. As a functional material, copper slag shows promising potential in glass-ceramics, catalysts, and micro-electrolytic fillers. Glass-ceramics produced from copper slag possess excellent mechanical and thermal properties, suitable for building and refractory materials. As a catalyst and micro-electrolytic filler, copper slag also demonstrates high potential in wastewater treatment and organic pollutant degradation. While copper slag utilization technologies are progressing, challenges in practical application remain due to compositional complexity and the lack of standardized regulations. Future efforts should prioritize optimizing processes and establishing industry standards to ensure the efficient, safe, and sustainable use of copper slag. Through technological innovation and standardized systems, copper slag is expected to find broader applications in functional materials, construction materials, and environmental protection, contributing to resource recycling and the development of green metallurgy.