Abstract: High-purity quartz is an essential and difficult-to-replace key basic material in semiconductor, photovoltaic, fiber optic communications, special glass, and other emerging industries. It is also a strategic material that is directly related to the semiconductor, photovoltaic, and other strategic high-tech industries’ stable and sustainable development. The domestic substitution of 4N8 high-purity quartz sand is still typical of the “neck” problem because of the limited supply of high-purity quartz raw materials, the lack of processing and purification technology, and the U.S. monopoly, which severely limits the development of China’s chips, semiconductors, photovoltaic, and other strategic industries. In order to encourage the early realization of high-purity quartz in order to establish the technological basis for local substitution and solve the high-purity quartz “neck” issue, the paper thoroughly examines the domestic and international high-purity quartz processing purification technology research literature. On the basis of the overview of high-purity quartz domestic and foreign resource distribution, production and consumption, supply and demand status, concepts and quality standards, this paper analyzes the state of impurity elements and the existence of the form of the state, clear inclusions within the quartz impurities and lattice impurities that is more difficult to remove the purification of the difficulties, explain the inclusions and lattice impurities contained in the impurities of the hazards of each impurity element on the quartz products, summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of advanced purification technologies. It also elaborates the concepts and mechanisms of advanced purification processes such as photoelectric sorting, re-election, flotation, acid leaching, ultrasonic assisted, microwave calcination, chlorine roasting, etc. It finally puts forward the current deficiencies in raw material identification, microscopic characterization, processing and purification technology mechanisms, efficient and clean separation technology, advanced production equipment, high-precision testing methods, etc., and clarifies the direction of the future development and recommendations, so as to provide technical reference materials for the domestic substitution of 4N8 grade high-purity quartz.