Abstract: The cultivated land ecosystems in resource-based cities are often affected by mining and resource exploitation activities. To explore the evolution patterns of cultivated land ecosystems in resource-based city, this study constructs a “attributes-function-value” framework for assessing the value of cultivated land ecosystem services. Taking Ganzhou City as an example, the paper employs ecosystem service values assessment, Spearman rank correlation analysis, bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis, and geo-detector methods to analyze the trends, trade-offs, and influencing factors of cultivated land ecosystem service values. The results show that from 2000 to 2020, the total value of different cultivated land ecosystem services in Ganzhou City exhibited a rise trend, primarily due to a significant increase in material output value. However, the value of ecological regulation value, such as water retention and soil conservation, initially decreased before rising again, indicating notable achievements in cultivated land ecological construction over the past decade. There are significant synergistic relationships and spatial heterogeneities among the different ecosystem service values in Ganzhou City. The synergy between provisioning-regulation-supporting value is particularly significant, with high-value areas mainly located in the northern regions of Xingguo and Ningdu, while low-value areas are concentrated in the southwestern regions like Longnan and southeastern regions like Xunwu. Per capita arable land area, per capita GDP, slope, disposable income of urban residents, and elevation are the most influential factors affecting changes in cultivated land ecosystem service values. These findings reveal the long-term patterns and underlying mechanisms of changes in cultivated land ecosystem service values in resource-based cities, providing decision support for cultivated land resource protection and green transformation in such cities.