Abstract: Since the founding of New China, the strategic mineral resource management has developed from absence to existence, and from overall rough to systematically refined. With the needs of national development in the new era, the status of strategic mineral resource management has risen to the level of national security. Meanwhile, the newly revised the Mineral Resources Law of 2024 has clarified the relevant requirements for establishment of specific protection system for strategic mineral resources. In order to promote the quality of China’s strategic mineral resource management, this paper reviews the history, analyzing the current situation, focusing on the macro policies, laws and regulations on strategic mineral resource management since the reform and opening up, the connotation and list of strategic minerals, and the protective exploitation management of selected minerals. The current regulations on strategic mineral resource management are summarized from five aspects, namely, the management of mining rights, the supervision and management of exploration and exploitation, the reserves management, the industrial management and environmental protection policy of strategic mineral resources. Based on the supply and demand situation of strategic mineral resources, combined with the practice of mineral resources reserve management, it is believed that there are several problems and difficulties in the management of strategic mineral resources, namely: ① the differentiation between strategic and non-strategic mineral management is not remarkable; ② the comprehensive management level of the whole industry chain should be promoted; ③ the dynamic management of resource reserves needs to be further improved; ④ the resources and reserves of low-grade co-associated strategic minerals should be consolidated. To ensure the security of national mineral resources, it is proposed to coordinate the entire process of mineral exploration and development, to improve the strategic mineral resource management system at the national management level, to perfect the dynamic management mechanism of strategic mineral resource reserves, to consolidate resource protection and reserve mechanisms, to strengthen technical support for strategic mineral resource management, and other policy suggestions