Abstract: Rubidium is a kind of important metal used in strategic emerging industry. Considering intensified global competition for critical minerals, it is urgent to assess rubidium resource in China in order to facilitate developing strategic emerging industries. By reviewing and analyzing existing information and the latest data, it is found that global rubidium resources are mainly occured in China, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Canada. The proven reserves of rubidium resources in China have increased annually. Jiangxi, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Guangdong and Hunan accounting for nearly 97% of the total Rb₂O reserves, with Jiangxi alone accounting for 68%, resulting in further enhancing of concentration of resources. In recent years, new rubidium deposits have been discovered or new mineralization information of rubidium has been found in old mines in the Altay, West Kunlun, East Qinling, Nanling and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, which contributed to achieving breakthroughs in rubidium prospecting and establishment of a number of new large strategic mineral resource bases such as the Bieyemas, Aketasi, Bijiashan, Bailongshan, Shimen, Tiantangshan and Gariatong. Currently, mining of the independent rubidium deposit in China has been initiated, and some technological breakthroughs have been made in economic exploitation of hard rock and brine-type rubidium deposit. However, the rubidium industry still faces some problems and challenges: ① although rubidium resources in China are abundant, disadvantages of low grades of hard rock rubidium ores as well as high impurities in rubidium-riched brine exist, resulting in difficult utilization and uneconomical production. ② There is a lack of specific exploration regulations for rubidium deposits, of which different types require corresponding technical standards, and it is necessary to redefine the position of security of rubidium supply. ③ In situation of decoupling and chain breaking of mineral resources and rising resource nationalism, high dependency on foreign rubidium resources may lead to risks in the supply chain, although China possess obvious advantages of rubidium prospecting and industry concentration. ④ The domestic and overseas rubidium market show limited share and sluggish growth. There is an oversupply of rubidium resources, and distinctive nature of production, storage and transportation further increases enterprise costs. In response to above issues, some suggestions are proposed: ① strengthen scientific and technological research in the field of resource development and utilization, reduce costs and increase efficiency, promote industrialization of new technologies, and sustainably develop high-grade rubidium ores while strategically controlling low-grade ones. ② Provide national policy support for the position of rubidium in future emerging industries, improve exploration specifications for rubidium deposits, subdivide them into different types, and provide practical guideline for resource assessment. ③ Intensify the exploration of domestic lepidolite, pollucite and rubidium-rich polymetallic salt lakes to ensure low-cost development and utilization of rubidium resources. At the same time, strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation with the neighboring “the Belt and Road” countries with plentiful rubidium resources, establish nearshoring and diversified pattern, and enhance the linkage effect between domestic and foreign resources. ④ It is necessary to optimize and adjust the industrial structure, expand the application fields of rubidium resources, create new growth points, and continuously improve the added value and market competitiveness of rubidium resources.