Abstract: With the progress of the technological revolution, the support for strategic emerging industries is increasing sharply around the world. Rubidium and cesium, as some of the key strategic metal resources, have gradually shown their advantages in emerging technology fields, and gradually well-known as the “Legendary Siblings” of rare metals. There are many types of rubidium and cesium resources in China, with good endowments, which are extremely important reserve resources for promoting the transformation of emerging Chinese technology industries. This paper focuses on the overall pattern of rubidium and cesium resources in China. By analyzing the occurrence forms, geographical locations, ore deposit genesis, enrichment regulation, and separation and extraction techniques of rubidium and cesium resources, summarized the resource types, distribution, provenance, mineralization models, separation, extraction and analysis and testing of rubidium and cesium elements, and application of rubidium isotopes. The research results indicate that there are numerous types of rubidium and cesium deposits in China, which are widely distributed and mainly concentrated around major and secondary fault zones, forming a banded distribution of rubidium and cesium deposits along geological structures. Meanwhile, by analyzing the mineralization process of rubidium and cesium deposits at different locations, genesis of these deposits is closely related to the high differentiation of magma and hydrothermal activity. At present, the separation, extraction, analysis and testing technology of rubidium and cesium elements has become relatively mature, and is constantly innovating under the promotion of technological revolution. The high sensitivity of rubidium isotopes to magmatic hydrothermal and fluid activities will make them play an increasingly important role in the future development pattern of technology.