Abstract: Fluorite is a crucial strategic mineral resource, widely used as a key raw material in industries such as construction materials, fluorine chemical industry, new energy, new materials, military, medicine, and semiconductors. Against the backdrop of increasing global attention and demand for fluorite, and the increasingly prominent supply-demand contradiction, it is particularly important to conduct an in-depth study on the situation and current status of development and utilization of fluorite resources in China. By reviewing relevant statistical data since 2016, this paper analyzes changes in global and Chinese fluorite resource reserves, production and consumption, China’s fluorite import and export volumes, geological exploration investments, mining rights setup, and current development status, leading to the following conclusions. Global fluorite resources are highly concentrated, with reserves primarily located in Mexico, China, South Africa, and Mongolia. China ranks second in global fluorite reserves and first in production and consumption. However, China’s average reserve-to-production ratio in recent years is only 9.75 years, significantly lower than the global average, indicating a concerning situation for resource security. Since 2018, China has shifted from a net exporter to a net importer of fluorite, with nearly 90% of imports coming from Mongolia. While geological exploration investments have shown an upward trend, central government funding has decreased year by year. The number of mining rights has stabilized after a decline, with the exploration-to-mining ratio remaining low, below 0.5. The level of intensification is still insufficient, with a capacity utilization rate of less than 40%. It is recommended that more efforts should be made to increase the investment in fluorite exploration, especially the central financial funds; to promote the integration of resources, eliminate backward production capacities, improve the capacity utilization rate, and achieve intensive and large-scale development and utilization; to encourage enterprises to “go global” and make full use of foreign fluorite resources; to improve the comprehensive utilization capacity and pay attention to the development and utilization of associated fluorine resources in phosphate mines.