Abstract: Rare earth metals are an important part of non-ferrous metals and are strategic mineral resources of great importance. They are the key raw materials for promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, supporting high-tech industries and the defense science and technology industry. Their strategic significance and irreplaceability are directly related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy. They play an important role in promoting China’s industrialization development. Accelerating and cultivating new quality productive forces is not only the iron law of development in the new era, but also an inherent requirement for building a rare earth powerhouse and driving the high-quality development of the rare earth industry. However, China still faces the real dilemmas of low product value, an imperfect innovation and mechanism system, slow extension of the industrial chain downstream, and an incomplete recovery and utilization layout in the rare earth industry in promoting the high-quality development of the rare earth industry. Therefore, through combing the relevant literature about the enabling of high-quality development of the new quality productive forces, it will combine the development theory of the new quality productive forces and the realistic dilemma facing the rare earth industry in our country, and discuss the internal mechanism of the enabling of high-quality development of the new quality productive forces from the new technologies, new factors and new industries. It believes that new quality productive forces drives the high-value utilization of rare earth industry by promoting new technologies, enhances the innovation driving capacity of the rare earth industry by carrying new elements, and promotes the integration of the rare earth industry by fostering new industries. Based on this, it puts forward specific practical pathways for promoting the high-quality development of the rare earth industry with new quality productive forces in light of the current situation and future trends of the rare earth industry: firstly, by applying new technologies, continuously enhancing the added value of rare earth products; secondly, by carrying new elements, building a sound innovation system and mechanism; thirdly, opening up new tracks in the field of rare earth industry; and fourthly, by recycling and utilizing, strengthening the research and development of green recycling technologies.