Abstract: Latin America is an important part of the global strategic mineral resources map, copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, iron, niobium, tantalum, rare earth and other highly rich areas, is one of the focuses of global resource competition. In the context of increasingly fierce competition for resources, major countries in the world appear the trend of adjustment and reform of mining policies. Under this trend, major countries in Latin America also accelerate the pace of revision of strategic mineral resources policies, and the development of mining policies shows a general trend of opening and tightening. It is reflected in the reform of the mining management system, liberalizing investment restrictions, simplifying the approval process and so on. It has also tightened supervision in strengthening the construction of mineral resource strategies at the national level, implementing resource nationalization, increasing environmental supervision, seeking higher community interests, and forcefully promoting the new energy industry. The development trend of opening mining policies has brought policy space for investment in Latin America’s mining industry, the country’s enhanced control over resources has also brought more uncertainties to mining investment, the increasingly stringent environmental and community supervision has put forward higher requirements for the ESG performance of enterprises, and the various mining alliances emerging inside and outside the region have brought new challenges to the global resource governance system. In this big change, there is an urgent need to promote the quality and efficiency of China-Latin America mining cooperation, and it is suggested to make full use of the mining policy optimization window to coordinate the layout of China-Latin America mining cooperation. Actively build a China-Latin America mineral resources cooperation governance system to hedge the influence of the resource alliance. Build an integrated industrial cooperation model to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results between China and Latin America. It will strengthen the overseas security system and enhance our ability to resist risks.