Abstract: Guided by the new strategy of energy security, China’s energy industry has continuously improved its security capability, and the overall energy supply is safe and controllable. The high-quality development of the energy industry has entered a new stage of accelerating the construction of a new energy system. The high-quality development of the energy industry is to break away from the primary development stage characterized by high-speed growth, high energy consumption and high carbon content, and enter the advanced development stage marked by steady development or slow reduction, low energy consumption and low carbon content. Driven by technological innovation and the upgrading and replacement of key equipment, it pays more attention to improving efficiency and structural adjustment. Entering a new stage and facing the new situation, the high-quality development of the energy industry must correctly handle the relationship between energy supply and demand security, green low-carbon transition‌ and economic and social development. China’s energy supply shows the characteristics of “low-carbon fossil energy and electrification of clean energy”. Energy consumption shows the development trend of “declining fluctuations in fossil energy and rapid growth in clean energy”. On the whole, China’s energy supply guarantee ability is continuously enhanced. Facing the current situation that China’s total energy consumption is large and the structure is not reasonable, four high-quality development paths are pointed out, including clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, orderly replacement of clean energy scale, construction of multi energy complementary energy system, and realization of terminal energy “electrification”. The high-quality development of energy in China is facing four challenges: the weak ability to cover the bottom of fossil energy, the insufficient stability of clean energy supply, the insufficient integration of fossil energy and clean energy, and the impact of geopolitics and climate policy. The first suggestion is to strengthen the exploration and development of fossil energy and continue to support the green and low-carbon transformation of fossil energy. Secondly, vigorously develop clean energy and promote the comprehensive green transition of economy and society. Thirdly, build a diversified and complementary energy supply system and establish a unified national energy market. Fourthly, promote the construction of a green low-carbon circular economy system and actively carry out international dialogue and cooperation.