Abstract: Moving towards clean energy is an effective means of realizing the dual-carbon goal, while the production of clean energy requires the consumption of a large number of strategic and critical mineral resources, which are referred to by the International Energy Agency （IEA） as energy transition mineral resources. In recent years, public health security events and geopolitical issues have emerged, hindering the trade of minerals in all segments and triggering risks in the supply of minerals. Starting from the perspective of the whole industry chain, the paper combs the studies related to the supply risk of the energy transition mineral resources industry chain in accordance with the process of risk identification, risk assessment and risk response. In terms of risk identification, the supply risk of the energy transition mineral resources industry chain contains four layers of meanings: importance, stability, price reasonableness, and not jeopardizing the ecological environment. In terms of risk assessment, it is divided into risk static evaluation and risk dynamic propagation. In risk static evaluation, 10 types of supply risk evaluation indicators are organized according to the upstream, midstream, downstream and recycling links of the industry chain. In risk dynamic propagation, the propagation process of supply shortage risk is analyzed. In risk response, based on a literature review, propose risk mitigation strategies for supply shortages of different types of mineral resources. Through combing the above literature, it is found that there is still room for further research on the connotation and propagation evolution of the supply risk of the energy transition mineral resources industry chain. Based on this, two frontier challenges are proposed: firstly, the new connotation of the supply risk of the energy transition mineral resources industry chain; secondly, the precise propagation evolution of the supply risk of the energy transition mineral resources industry chain.