Abstract: The sprocket, as a critical component of the anchor drilling machine, plays a key role in transmitting power to ensure the normal operation of the tunneling equipment. However, due to the long-term alternating loads it bears during operation, particularly under sandstone working conditions, the contact friction between the sprocket teeth and the chain gradually increases. This results in a gradual reduction in the strength of the teeth, leading to failures such as tooth breakage and chain disengagement, which severely impact the normal functioning and safety of the equipment. To improve the wear resistance and extend the service life of the sprocket, this paper, based on the sandstone working conditions at the Xiaobaodang Coal Mine’s tunneling face in Shaanxi, investigates the wear mechanism, primary failure modes, and fatigue life of the sprocket in the anchor drilling machine. Two materials, 42CrMo and 17CrNiMo6, are selected as the base materials for the sprocket, and laser cladding technology is applied to enhance the surface properties. By adjusting the composition ratio of the cladding material, a series of experiments are conducted using laser processing equipment to systematically evaluate the hardness, wear resistance, and impact toughness of different coatings. Based on the experimental results, the composition ratio of the cladding material is optimized and further improved to meet the performance requirements of the sprocket under actual working conditions. The microstructure, organizational structure, and phase composition of the coating are analyzed in details using optical metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope（SEM）, and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The results of wear and impact tests confirm the superior wear resistance and impact toughness of the coating. The experiments indicate that as the proportion of hard phases increased, the microhardness of the cladding layer gradually improved, and the wear resistance is significantly enhanced. Ultimately, in the practical application at Xiaobaodang Coal Mine, the laser-cladded sprockets exhibited approximately three times better wear resistance compared to untreated samples, significantly improving the reliability and long-term stability of the equipment.