Abstract: With the continuous increase in the mining depth of metal mines, the complex engineering, hydrogeological conditions, high in-situ rock stress, and strong disturbances are superimposed on each other, making the risks of dynamic disasters such as rockbursts and mine earthquakes one of the core factors threatening the safety of mine mining. Reasonable and effective measures to deal with the risks of dynamic disasters are undoubtedly the key to reducing the safety risks of deep metal mine mining. This paper systematically reviews the theoretical mechanisms, practical applications, and development trends of destressing mining and preconditioning techniques in deep metal mines, aiming to provide theoretical support and technical references for the prevention and control of dynamic disasters in deep mining. The research shows that rockburst, as a typical disaster in deep mining, essentially stems from the sudden release of strain energy in rock masses. To address the above challenges, destressing and preconditioning techniques have gradually become effective tactical measures for dealing with the risks of dynamic disasters such as rockbursts and mine earthquakes by forming fractured zones and transferring stress and energy. Among them, deep hard-rock mines in Canada have used a variety of destressing and preconditioning techniques to reduce the frequency and severity of rockbursts, enhancing safety and economic benefits. Mines in the United States have adopted specific mining methods to control ground pressure, reduce rockburst risks, and improve production capacity. At the same time, the hydraulic fracturing preconditioning technique can cause rock masses to generate fractures and form a “decompression zone” to improve stress conditions, and the fracture pressure can also be calculated through relevant parameters. However, the existing technologies still have limitations such as the difficulty in universalizing destressing parameters, the potential for stress transfer to trigger secondary disasters, and the high cost of hydraulic fracturing. Future research needs to focus on the collaboration of multiple technologies, the development of intelligent monitoring systems, and the deepening of basic theories to achieve safe and efficient mining in deep mines. Through the analysis of typical cases at home and abroad, this paper clarifies the applicable scenarios and optimization directions of destressing and preconditioning techniques, providing references for the prevention and control of dynamic disaster risks that China will inevitably face in future deep metal mining.