Abstract: Under the influence of high stress, excavation disturbance and soft rock, the large section soft rock refuge in deep complex stratum mines often undergoes serious deformation and damage, which threatens the safety of the project. In this paper, it takes the large section soft rock winch chamber of Maoping Lead-Zinc Mine as the object of study, and systematically investigate the deformation and damage mechanism of the soft rock chamber through the evaluation of the quality of the rock body, on-site investigation of the damage form, and analysis of the deformation and damage mechanism of the surrounding rock under the original support scheme. The results of the study show that: ① the quality of the rock body of the refuge chamber is very poor, the joints and fissures are developed, loose and weak, and the main forms of damage are cracking in the gang part, collapse of the Carboniferous strata on the top, and destruction of the supporting structure, which is mainly affected by the geological factors, design factors, and construction factors. ② Through the theoretical calculation of the soft rock plastic zone, the relationship between the supporting force and the radius of plastic zone is revealed, and the comprehensive reinforcement scheme of “720 kN grade shear prestressing long anchor cable+600 kN grade prestressing anchor cable+300 kN grade prestressing anchor cable+steel plate+shotcrete+steel belt+C40 reinforced concrete of winch foundation base plate” is proposed. ③ According to the numerical simulation analysis using FLAC^3D, after the excavation of the chamber, the surrounding rock stresses are concentrated, and the maximum displacement reaches 11 cm, and the deformation continues to increase with time, and the displacement reaches 29 cm after 300 days; after the support, the surrounding rock deformation gradually converges, and the displacement is stabilized at 31 cm, which verified the validity of the reinforcement plan. ④ The on-site monitoring data show that the anchor stress gauge tends to be stabilized after 60 days, and the deformation of the surrounding rock is controlled, and the stability of the surrounding rock of the chamber of the winch is improved significantly. The results of this research have significantly improved the self-supporting capacity and overall support strength of the surrounding rock, and effectively controlled the deformation of the surrounding rock, which provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the design and construction of large soft rock chambers in similar deep wells with complex stratigraphy.