“双碳”目标下碳信息披露质量评价研究:基于A股采矿业上市公司的分析

    Research on the quality evaluation of carbon information disclosure under the target of “double carbon”: based on the analysis of A-share mining listed companies

    • 摘要: 碳信息披露是实现“双碳”目标的关键举措,也是强化碳减排监管责任落实、应对气候变化及促进社会可持续发展的重要手段。基于碳信息披露质量的五个特征:可理解性、及时性、可比性、可验证性、完整性,并以碳信息披露项目(CDP)为基础,对完整性维度进行细化,将其分解为碳目标、碳核算、碳治理、碳绩效和碳风险与机遇五个方面,构建了一个包含5个一级指标、9个二级指标和15个三级指标的碳信息披露质量评价体系,运用熵权-Topsis法计算指标权重和碳信息披露指数,并以A股采矿业上市公司为例进行分析。研究发现,企业碳信息披露质量总体呈逐年上升趋势,“双碳”目标的提出显著提升了企业碳信息披露质量;不同企业之间碳信息披露质量存在较大差异;碳信息披露质量与企业规模和披露形式密切相关,规模较大的企业和选择ESG报告进行披露的企业通常拥有更高的碳信息披露指数。此外,研究还发现,企业在可理解性、可比性、完整性维度下的碳核算、碳治理和碳风险与机遇等方面存在不足。为了提升采矿业碳信息披露质量,建议采取以下措施:图文并茂增加可理解性、统一披露框架提升可比性、健全核算体系增强碳核算、动态管理模式激发碳治理、构建评估体系引领碳风险与机遇,旨在赋能采矿业可持续发展,并为采矿业及其他行业提供参考,助力“双碳”目标的实现。

       

      Abstract: Carbon information disclosure is a key measure to achieve the goal of “double carbon”, and it is also an important means to strengthen the implementation of carbon emission reduction supervision responsibility, cope with climate change and promote social sustainable development. Based on the five characteristics of the quality of carbon information disclosure——understandability, timeliness, comparability, verifiability and completeness, and on the basis of carbon information disclosure project (CDP), the integrity dimension is refined and decomposed into five aspects: carbon target, carbon accounting, carbon governance, carbon performance and carbon risk and opportunity, and an evaluation system of carbon information disclosure quality is constructed, which includes five first-level indicators, nine second-level indicators and fifteen third-level indicators. It is found that the quality of corporate carbon information disclosure is generally increasing year by year, and the proposal of “double carbon” goal has significantly improved the quality of corporate carbon information disclosure. There are great differences in the quality of carbon information disclosure among different enterprises. The quality of carbon information disclosure is closely related to the size and disclosure form of enterprises. Larger enterprises and enterprises that choose ESG report for disclosure usually have higher carbon information disclosure index. In addition, the study also finds that enterprises have shortcomings in carbon accounting, carbon governance, carbon risks and opportunities under the dimensions of understandability, comparability and integrity. In order to improve the quality of carbon information disclosure in the mining industry, the following measures are suggested: increasing understandability with illustrations, unifying the disclosure framework to enhance comparability, improving the accounting system to enhance carbon accounting, stimulating carbon governance with dynamic management mode, and building an evaluation system to lead carbon risks and opportunities, aiming at empowering the sustainable development of the mining industry, providing reference for the mining industry and other industries, and helping to achieve the goal of “double carbon”.

       

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