Abstract: Against the backdrop of profound transformations in the global political and economic landscape, driving the high-quality development of the natural gas industry through new quality productive forces is not only an inherent logical requirement for constructing a modern and new energy system but also a crucial link and core strategy for achieving the grand goal of becoming a strong energy nation. This paper systematically reviews the connotation of new quality productive forces and the historical evolution, current status, and theoretical logic of the high-quality development of the natural gas industry. It focuses on exploring the mechanisms, key challenges, and implementation pathways through which new quality productive forces drive the high-quality development of the industry. The study argues that the high-quality development of the natural gas industry is a process centered on quality and efficiency, driven by innovation, deepened reforms, and improved efficiency, aiming for safer, more efficient, more environmentally friendly, and more sustainable development. This process is characterized by three significant contemporary features: clean and low-carbon, smart and efficient, and economically secure. There is a close connection between new quality productive forces and the high-quality development of the natural gas industry in terms of formation logic, typical characteristics, and development goals. New quality productive forces inject engine power, provide solid pillars, expand development space, construct implementation carriers, and strengthen institutional guarantees for the high-quality development of the natural gas industry through new technologies, new elements, new models, emerging industries, and new institutions. In response to the challenges faced by the high-quality development of the natural gas industry, such as lagging innovation in cutting-edge technologies and equipment, urgent needs for improving element quality, incomplete supporting policies, and weak industrial chain coordination and resilience, targeted measures should be taken. These include creating a future energy innovation ecosystem, promoting the penetration and integration of new elements, advancing industrial upgrading and new business models, and improving top-level design and policy supply.