Abstract: In the development process of the mining industry, market-oriented mineral resource reserves evaluation has gradually become an indispensable important link. It has gone through the stages from cultivation to continuous promotion, leading China’s mineral resource reserve evaluation work into a new “government management + market service” model successfully. Market-oriented mineral resource reserve evaluation has distinct spontaneous characteristics. Its service scope widely covers three key aspects: strong support for non-administrative departments of the natural resource system, solid guarantee for information disclosure of listed companies, and all-round services for enterprise production and operation. This is not only an effective supplement and in-depth enrichment to China’s existing mineral resource management system, but also plays an indispensable role in ensuring the quality of market mineral resource reserve reports. However, through in-depth research and detailed statistical analysis, it is found that the current market-oriented mineral resource reserve evaluation still faces many challenges, such as inconsistent concept definition, inaccurate control of key content, and the need to improve market recognition. To this end, this paper puts forward a series of practical suggestions, including revising the official definition of mineral resource reserve assessment or carefully formulating relevant guidelines, establishing and improving the publicity system for market-oriented mineral resource reserve evaluation, and facing the inherent limitations of the evaluation system in authenticity control with an objective and rational attitude.