Abstract: The effect of traditional collectors in mineral flotation is limited. As an innovative cutting-edge technology, nanotechnology has shown good application effect in mineral flotation in recent years. In this paper, the research progress on the application of nanoparticle collectors in mineral flotation is reviewed. The characteristics, preparation and application of polystyrene （PS） nanoparticles, functionalized PS nanoparticles, lignin nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticle collectors are discussed. Owing to their inherent high specific surface area and surface reactivity, nanoparticles exhibit enhanced adsorption on mineral surfaces. Furthermore, their micro-dimension enables the formation of micro-nano rough structures on mineral surfaces, which significantly improves mineral surface hydrophobicity and consequently enhances flotation efficiency. However, the adsorption of PS nanoparticles on the surface of non-target minerals leads to the increase of collector dosage and the decrease of flotation effect. In order to improve selective adsorption, functionalized PS nanoparticle collectors are synthesized through surface modification. These functionalized nanoparticles can achieve better selective adsorption with specific minerals, thereby enhancing flotation performance. Lignin nanoparticles are not only highly hydrophobic, but also renewable with a short degradation cycle, which reduces the impact of chemical collectors on the environment. In addition, inorganic nanoparticle collectors, such as SiO₂, show unique advantages in the recycling of specific minerals due to their high stability, simple preparation and recyclability. Finally, colloidal stability, low consumption and efficient recycling of nanoparticle collectors are prospected, and the focus and application direction of future research are put forward, which provides a scientific reference for promoting the development and application of nanotechnology in the field of flotation.