Abstract: With the deepening of coal mining, the dust problem is becoming more and more prominent, which poses a serious threat to the health of workers and the safe production of coal mines. Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing dust hazard evaluation indexes and methods, this paper aims to construct a simple and efficient comprehensive evaluation index system for coal mine dust occupational hazards, and adopts the Delphi method to construct a three-level index system from four dimensions. The comprehensive index method combining AHP and fuzzy judgement method is introduced, which can qualitatively and quantitatively deal with the uncertainty and fuzziness in the evaluation process effectively. By combining the comprehensive index evaluation method with the constructed evaluation index system, the quantitative assessment of the degree of occupational hazards of coal mine dust is implemented. The feasibility and effectiveness of the evaluation system are verified through actual cases. The results of the study show that the system can comprehensively and accurately reflect the current status of dust occupational hazards in the operating environment of coal mines, and provide a basis for scientific decision-making by coal mine managers and supervisory authorities.