Abstract: At present, the global energy system is undergoing a historic transformation of deep restructuring. Besides clean energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power, emerging fields represented by hydrogen energy, advanced energy storage, and carbon capture and storage （CCS） are constantly achieving technological breakthroughs. The maturity of traditional energy extraction technologies such as shale gas is promoting the clean-up process of fossil energy. These breakthroughs have become the core driving force of the new round of technological revolution. However, in the face of increasingly severe climate change issues and the new international energy development trend that Trump’s new policy attaches great importance to the fossil energy industry and digital technology, it is urgent for all countries to accelerate the global energy low-carbon transformation. The research and application promotion of low-carbon energy technologies have become the key to breaking the deadlock. Therefore, it is proposed that the concurrent development of new energy technologies and traditional energy technologies will be the two technical paths to achieve the energy transformation goal, and six important key technology fields are discussed, including energy storage technologies in various scenarios, digital technologies, the entire industrial chain technologies of hydrogen energy “production, storage, transportation and utilization”, green methanol fuel research and development, carbon capture and storage （CCS） technologies, and the development and governance technologies of shale gas and coalbed methane. The research shows that to occupy the top of the global clean energy industry chain and value chain in the future, China urgently needs to attach importance to scientific and technological innovation, accelerate the development of digital technologies in the energy industry, promote pilot demonstrations in multiple application scenarios, insist on vigorously developing negative carbon technologies, strive to improve the innovation level and carbon sink capacity of negative carbon technologies, and continuously deepen international cooperation in the field of low-carbon scientific and technological innovation around the vision and consensus of achieving global carbon neutrality, so as to accelerate the construction of a diversified and systematic new energy system and achieve high-quality and sustainable development.