Abstract: Environmental, Social and Governance （ESG）, as a sustainable investment rule generally followed by international capital markets, can help enterprises manage risks and obtain investment support for sustainable development. For mining enterprises “going out”, ESG has become a necessary answer to their participation in the international mining market and capital market competition, and is an important basic guarantee to meet the needs of China’s global allocation of mineral resources. This paper provides a reference for Chinese mining enterprises to improve their ESG practical ability by combing the ESG practice status and governance experience of the world’s top 40 listed companies in detail. Research findings indicate that the top 40 global mining enterprises place significant emphasis on ESG practices, with approximately 71% achieving industry-leading ESG ratings. ESG information disclosure serves as the foundation and prerequisite for ratings, and the quality of disclosure directly impacts ESG performance evaluations. Chinese mining enterprises generally exhibit relatively lower levels of ESG disclosure compared to global peers. Furthermore, strong ESG performance helps broaden corporate financing channels; however, the scale of sustainable capital investments obtained by China’s mining sector remains comparatively limited. Leading global mining enterprises such as Rio Tinto, Kinross Gold, and Fortescue Metals Group have elevated their ESG governance by integrating ESG principles into corporate strategic planning and decision-making frameworks, establishing stakeholder “communication-feedback-assessment” mechanisms, and developing sustainable financing frameworks. Chinese mining enterprises should draw on international best practices to proactively address ESG challenges and opportunities through the following measures. “Strategic Planning & Regulatory Guidance”: to develop comprehensive ESG roadmaps and establish mining-specific ESG disclosure standards to enhance industry-wide transparency. “Governance Upgrading & Global Alignment”: to build robust ESG governance structures and adopt internationally recognized frameworks to strengthen global competitiveness. “Performance-Driven Investment & Financial Incentives”: to leverage strong ESG performance to attract sustainable capital and amplify financial support, thereby accelerating the mining sector’s high-quality development.