Abstract: As a major steel-producing province in China, Hebei Province harbors a substantial number of iron tailings ponds. The massive accumulation of iron tailings in these ponds has triggered a series of complex issues, including the destruction of ecological environmental, waste of land resources, and safety hazards. It is urgent to deeply explore the physical and chemical properties of iron tailings sand, broaden the approaches for resource utilization, and achieve the reduction of iron tailings emissions. To systematically compare the characteristics of iron tailings sand in various regions of Hebei Province and provide theoretical foundations and data support for its high-value utilization, the distribution of iron tailings is demarcated into four principal regions: Northern Hebei Province, Eastern Hebei Province, Central Hebei Province, and Southern Hebei Province based on the geographical distribution characteristics. The physicochemical characteristics, micro-morphology, hydration activity and mechanical properties of iron tailing sands in four areas are studied by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy test, laser particle size test, X-ray diffraction test, scanning electron microscopy test and mechanical properties test respectively. The results show that the iron tailings in Hebei Province are mainly dispersed in the Northern Hebei Province and Eastern Hebei Province. The phase composition of iron tailings sand in Hebei Province is mainly quartz, and the its chemical composition is silicon dioxide, iron trioxide, calcium oxide, alumina and magnesium oxide respectively, while the contents of chemical compositions are different. The particle size of iron tailing sands meets the particle size characteristics of powder, namely wide particle size distribution and fine particle size. The iron tailing micromorphology of central, southern, eastern and northern in Hebei Province are irregular block and granular polymerization, block, flake surface with tiny particles, and flake surface with coarse powder particles. The mechanical property test shows that the compressive strength of cement mortar decreases significantly at different ages after the addition of iron tailings sand. The mechanical properties of iron tailings-based cement mortar are significantly affected by the microscopic morphology and physicochemical characteristics of iron tailings sand. Compared with the 28 d compressive strength of cement mortar, the iron tailings-based cement mortar in northern, central, eastern and southern Hebei Province decreases by 40.65%, 36.49%, 47.11%, and 35.57% respectively, and their activity indexes are 59.35%, 63.51%, 52.89%, and 64.43% respectively. The analysis of the characteristics of typical iron tailings sand in the four regions shows that iron tailings sand can be directly or after its activity has been enhanced, used as fine aggregate, filler and mineral admixture in fields such as building materials and mine filling.