Abstract: As a strategic non-metallic mineral, fluorite plays a critical role in global industrial transformation and energy revolution. This paper systematically analyzes the distribution characteristics, utilization, and industrial development status of fluorite resources globally and in China, aiming to address challenges such as imbalanced reserve-production ratios, structural demand shifts, and technological dependencies, thereby providing scientific insights for optimizing resource allocation and enhancing industrial competitiveness. By integrating data on fluorite reserves, production, consumption patterns, and import-export trade from both global and Chinese perspectives, a multidimensional analysis is conducted focusing on resource endowment, industrial chain structure, market dynamics, and technological bottlenecks. The study holds the following views: ① global fluorite resources are highly concentrated, with Mexico, China, South Africa, and Mongolia collectively accounting for 75% of global reserves. Despite ranking second in reserves, China faces severe reserve-production ratio imbalances, posing substantial resource security risks. ② China’s fluorite consumption structure is undergoing rapid transformation, with surging demand in emerging sectors, while traditional metallurgical applications continue to decline. ③ China’s fluorochemical industry, though large in scale, remains weak in high-end product capabilities, heavily reliant on imports. Eight multinational corporations dominate 80% of global organic fluorine material production, highlighting urgent needs for technological breakthroughs. ④ China’s trade pattern has fundamentally shifted, with 2023 net imports reaching 639 500 tons. Low-grade fluorite imports reflect overdependence on processing trade models. The study concludes that China must enhance competitiveness through multi-channel resource expansion, resource integration, technological innovation, and international cooperation. Recommendations include strengthening comprehensive utilization of co-associated resources, advancing green and low-carbon technologies, optimizing reserve-production ratios, and deepening the Belt and Road initiatives to secure strategic emerging industry demands. Future efforts should prioritize R&D in high-end fluor materials, dismantle technological monopolies, establish a collaborative full-industry-chain mechanism, and drive the fluorite industry toward refinement and low-carbon transformation.