Abstract: Taking the Niumaoquan Iron Mine in Hami, Xinjiang as the research object, a detailed study of process mineralogy is conducted on rock and ore samples in the mining area using optical microscopy, chemical analysis, mineral liberation analyser（MLA）, and electron probe microanalysis（EPMA）. The material composition and content, structural structure, occurrence state of valuable elements iron and titanium, and their primary disseminated characteristics of the ore are identified, aiming to provide support for the comprehensive recovery and utilization of valuable elements in the ore. The results indicate that the ore belongs to the basic magmatic rock type magnetite-ilmenite ore, and the main valuable elements in the raw ore are iron and titanium. Iron mainly exists in the form of magnetite, and titanium mainly exists in the form of ilmenite. Magnetite and ilmenite are closely coexisting in the ore, and sometimes hematite or pyrite can be seen inside the magnetite. The interior of ilmenite particles often encompass fine-grained sphene and rutile, and it can also be seen that ilmenite coexists with limonite. The gangue minerals such as plagioclase, pyroxene and hornblende are closely associated with magnetite and ilmenite, often exhibiting contact and contain relationships. Based on the above process mineralogical research, it is recommended to adopt a combined heavy magnetic flotation beneficiation process for the comprehensive recovery of valuable elements such as iron and titanium.